New laws parents and teachers should know about: 2025

by Jeff and Carol | October 15, 2025 | 0 Comments
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California protects students

Protecting students was the highest legislative priority for Governor Newsom and the California state legislature in 2025.

New laws passed in 2025 aimed to make schools and communities safer for immigrant families, to protect students from anti-semitism, hate, and discrimination, and to ban ultra-processed foods from school lunches.

Legislation and funding to improve reading instruction also topped the list of most important bills for education in California. This post summarizes the legislative year, starting with our top four picks.

1 Supporting immigrant children

Ed100 Lesson 2.9
Undocumented students

California is now the first state in the nation to prohibit federal law enforcement officers, including ICE, from hiding their identities. New laws make it less likely that federal immigration enforcement officers will target children in classrooms and patients in hospitals. Under these new laws:

  • Families must be notified when immigration enforcement comes on school campuses. (SB 98)
  • Student information and classrooms are protected from ICE. (SB 81)
  • A judicial warrant or court order is required to enter a school site. (AB 49)
  • It is a crime for a law enforcement officer to wear a facial covering in the performance of duties. (SB 627)

California State PTA is making the safety of immigrant students a high priority and co-sponsored both AB 49 and SB 98. (See PTA Statement on Safe Schools.)

2 Hate has no place in our schools

In the Ed100 Blog
The battle over ethnic studies

To confront increased anti-semitism and hate in California schools, Governor Newsom signed two controversial bills, AB 715 and SB 48. The bills create a new Office of Civil Rights and require stronger responses to antisemitism, harassment, and discrimination. Districts must investigate and take corrective action when discriminatory content is used in classrooms or professional development. The bills are the result of several years of controversy over how ethnic studies should be taught in California schools. Under these new laws:

  • A discriminatory or biased action does not require the presence of affected students to be actionable. If content is biased or discriminatory, no student should be exposed to it.
  • Instruction and instructional materials must be factually accurate and free from advocacy, personal opinion, bias, or partisanship.

California State PTA co-sponsored SB 48. The Governor announced that the authors of the laws have promised follow-up legislation to address continuing concerns.

3 Improve reading instruction

In the Ed100 Blog
Legislation to close California’s reading gap

In response to the large number of students who are unable to read at grade level, California is beefing up the professional preparation of candidates for teacher and administrator credentials with passage of AB 1454.

Buzzword alert! What is “evidence-based” reading instruction?

At the same time, the new law requires that instructional materials incorporate evidence based reading strategies. For inquiring minds, “evidence based” could be a candidate for education buzzword of the year. It refers to teaching of foundational reading skills, including these:

This law is the culmination of many legislative attempts to ensure that teachers and administrators are well prepared to teach reading using what is commonly called the science of reading.

The budget for 2025-26 invests $480 million in literacy instruction including:

  • $215 million to expand the existing Literacy Coaches and Reading Specialists Grant Program.
  • $200 million to support evidence-based professional learning for elementary school educators aligned with the ELA/ELD Framework.
  • $40 million to administer screenings for risk of dyslexia and other reading difficulties to all kindergarten through second grade students beginning in the 2025-26 school year.

4 Ban ultra-processed foods in school meals

California will be the first state to phase out the most concerning ultra-processed foods (UPFs) from school meals.

AB 1264 tasks state scientists — working in cooperation with leading experts — with identifying ″particularly harmful″ UPFs based on scientific research linking them to cancer, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, neurological or behavioral issues, and other health harms. The law requires the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment to adopt, by July 1, 2026, regulations to define particularly harmful UPFs. These foods are to be phased out by 2032.

Taking a jab at the lack of progress at the federal level, the bill’s author, Assemblymember Jesse Gabriel, remarked:

“While Washington DC is paralyzed by inaction, California is once again leading the nation with a bipartisan, commonsense, science-based approach. Democrats and Republicans are joining forces to ensure that students are receiving healthy, nutritious meals that are made from real foods, not harmful chemical additives.”

Find more details on California efforts to support healthy foods here.

Ed100 primer on legislative process

California legislative roundup
Each year, after the legislative dust settles, Ed100 summarizes bills that relate to schools and children, with tons of links. Here are our posts from past years:
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018

Ideas can become laws in two ways in California. One way is through the state budget process, as we explain in this post: What happened to the education budget?

The other way is through policy legislation. Legislators consider thousands of policy changes each year. Generally, less than half of them become law.

Legislative sessions are grouped into two-year intervals, matching the election cycle. The legislature and Governor have wrapped up their work for 2024-25, the first year of the two-year cycle.

2025 California legislation by the numbers

Bills introduced

2833

Bills that reached the Governor's desk

About 1200.

You can find a list here.

Bills vetoed

You can find a list here.

Even with strong advocacy and legislative agreement, many bills don’t become law. Many bills, especially complex ones, don’t make it through the process in a single year. If a bill lacks political support at key points, it can “die” — or be killed. Committees play a powerful role in the legislative process, including the power to kill a bill, with or without an explanation.

Bills can die at the Governor’s desk, too. When the Governor exercises the constitutional authority to veto a bill, it is customary to explain the reason in the form of a veto message.

Here’s an Ed100 list of new laws that focus on schools and children. Please share it! Laws are written by lawyers for lawyers, using precise terms that can make them hard to understand. We’ve done our best to summarize the new laws in plain language, in English and Spanish.

Selected legislation related to kids and schools

Undocumented Students

School sites: Immigration enforcement.

AB 49 (Muratsuchi)

PTA Co-Sponsored

The California Safe Haven Schools Act prohibits school officials from allowing ICE agents to enter a school site without providing a valid judicial warrant or court order.

This law also prohibits districts from providing information to immigration authorities about students, their families, teachers, and school employees.

Read the signing message.

Immigration enforcement: notification.

SB 98 (Pérez)

PTA Co-Sponsored

This law requires each public school’s safety plan to include procedures for notifying parents and school staff when immigration enforcement is confirmed on the school site. Applies also to UC, CSU and California Community Colleges.

Health and care facilities: information sharing.

SB 81 (Arreguín)

Emergency rooms and other nonpublic areas in a hospital are off limits to immigration enforcement without a judicial warrant or court order. This law clarifies that immigration information collected by a health care provider is protected as medical information.

Law enforcement: masks.

SB 627 (Wiener)

It is a crime for a law enforcement officer to wear a facial covering in the performance of duties. Requires any law enforcement agency operating in California to maintain and publicly post a written policy limiting the use of facial coverings.

 

Anti-semitism, hate, and discrimination

Educational equity: discrimination: antisemitism prevention

AB 715 (Zbur and Addis)

Establishes a new state Office of Civil Rights and establishes an Antisemitism Prevention Coordinator to develop training, resources, and enforcement strategies for K–12 schools. It also requires districts to investigate and take corrective action when discriminatory content is used in classrooms or professional development.

Read the signing message.

Educational equity: discrimination prevention coordinators.

SB 48 (Senators Gonzalez and Pierson and Assembly Members Fong and Ward)

PTA Co-Sponsored

Complements AB 715 by creating four statewide Discrimination Prevention Coordinators — focused on religious, racial, ethnic, gender, and LGBTQ discrimination — to provide resources and training to prevent and consistently address bias and discrimination in schools.

Read the signing message.

Unlawfully restrictive covenants: housing developments.

AB 1050 (Schultz)

Expands the existing process whereby a purchaser of a property can remove a covenant, condition, or restriction limiting the property's use for affordable housing to include properties subject to limitations requiring that the property remain exclusively used for commercial purposes.

Descendants of enslaved persons: reparations.

SB 518 (Weber Pierson)

Establishes the Bureau for Descendants of American Slavery within state government, and establishes the Bureau’s duties relating to determining an individual’s status as a descendant. Contingent upon appropriation of sufficient funding by the Legislature.

Community youth athletics programs: sex or gender discrimination.

AB 932 (Irwin)

Prohibits discriminating against a person on the basis of sex or gender in the operation, conduct, or administration of community youth athletics programs, or in the allocation of parks and recreation facilities and resources or school and recreation facilities and resources or school and recreation facilities and resources.

Cyberbullying off-campus acts: model policy.

AB 772 (Lowenthal)

By June 30, 2026, the State Department of Education must develop and share a model policy on addressing bullying, cyberbullying, harassment, sexual harassment, or intimidation happening outside of school hours and campus.

 

Special Education / Health

Special education: specialized deaf and hard-of-hearing services.

AB 784 (Hoover)

Removes ambiguity about documentation required to provide services to students who are deaf or hard-of-hearing.

Health care coverage: behavioral diagnoses

AB 951 (Ta)

Prohibits a health care service plan contract or insurance policy from requiring an enrollee previously diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) or autism to receive a re-diagnosis to maintain coverage for behavioral health treatment (BHT) for their condition.

Special education funding: protection.

AJR 7 (Addis)

Calls on the President of the United States and Congress to ensure that services and funding for students with disabilities are uninterrupted, including the allocation, monitoring, and management of Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) formula funding and discretionary grant-funded programs.

Pupil records and health: pupils experiencing homelessness: directory information and reporting.

AB 677 (Bryan)

Authorizes the disclosure of directory information of a homeless child or youth pupil to facilitate an eye examination and an oral health assessment with consent.

Special education: pupil transfers: residency requirements: records.

AB 1412 (Gonzalez, Jeff)

Mandates that, within 30 days of students with exceptional needs who transfer between school districts or from out-of-state, the new local educational agency must either adopt and implement the student's existing Individualized Education Program (IEP) or develop a new one in accordance with federal and state laws.

California Health Facilities Financing Authority Act.

AB 627 (Stefani)

Repeals the requirement that working capital loans made by the California Health Facilities Financing Authority (CHFFA) to health facilities be repaid within two years.

Special education: resource specialists: special classes.

AB 560 (Addis)

Requires local educational agencies to take all reasonable steps to distribute the workload associated with initial assessments across all resource specialists employed by the local educational agency in an equal manner, unless otherwise collectively bargained. It would further require the Superintendent of Public Instruction to establish a maximum recommended adult to student staffing ratios for special day classes.

Special education funding: protection.

AJR 7 (Addis)

Resolution: Calls on the President of the United States and Congress to ensure that services and funding for students with disabilities are uninterrupted, including the allocation, monitoring, and management of Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) formula funding and discretionary grant-funded programs.

Special education: nonpublic, nonsectarian schools or agencies.

SB 373 (Grove)

Expands state oversight of nonpublic, nonsectarian schools (NPSs) located outside of California that serve students with disabilities by strengthening certification standards, requiring local educational agencies to conduct in-person interviews with placed students each year to assess their health and safety, and directing the California Department of Education to develop an interview tool for this purpose.

Public social services: Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid.

AJR 3 (Schiavo)

Resolution: Opposes cuts to, and proposals to privatize, Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid, as well those to indirectly cut these programs by defunding them

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

SJR 3 (Arreguín)

Resolution: Urges the United States Congress to avoid any cuts to the SNAP program (some know it as food stamps).

Pupil health: individuals with exceptional needs: respiratory services: licensed vocational nurses.

SB 389 (Ochoa Bogh)

Authorizes a licensed vocational nurse, under the supervision of a credentialed school nurse, to provide basic respiratory services to a student with exceptional needs who requires specialized health care services during the school day.

 

Teacher Credentials

Teacher credentialing programs: youth mental health.

AB 1034 (Ávila Farías)

Requires that a program of professional preparation for a teaching credential include a basic understanding of youth mental health.

Administrative services credential: internship program.

AB 959 (Hadwick)

Authorizes a one-year internship program for candidates for a preliminary administrative credential.

Dual credentialing.

AB 1119 (Patel)

Requires the Commission on Teacher Credentialing to develop efficient routes to dual credentialing for teacher candidates and existing credential holders.

 

Instruction

Pupil instruction: treatment of African Americans.

SB 510 (Richardson)

Requires the Instructional Quality Commission to consider including content on the historical, social, economic, and political contributions of African Americans during the Spanish colonization of California, the Gold Rush Era, and Antebellum.

Pupil literacy: credential program standards and professional development: instructional materials.

AB 1454 (Rivas, Muratsuchi, and Blanca Rubio)

Requires the Commission on Teacher Credentialing to ensure that program standards for the professional preparation of candidates for administrative services and reading and literacy leadership specialist credentials include preparation on how to support teachers in delivering instruction through effective means for teaching literacy. (Popularly known as “the science of reading”)

Requires the state to adopt instructional materials in English language arts/English language development and helps principals support teachers in delivering effective literacy instruction by updating their preparation standards.

California Education Interagency Council.

AB 1098 (Fong)

Establishes the California Education Interagency Council to proactively evaluate and address the changing nature of work and the economy in order to support the advancement of state educational attainment, equity, and workforce goals.

California Education Interagency Council: Incentive Grant Program.

SB 638 (Padilla)

Revises the California Career Technical Education Incentive Grant Program, a state education, economic, and workforce development initiative to provide pupils with high-quality career technical education programs.

Pupil instruction: high school graduation requirements: career technical education.

AB 821 (Gipson)

Existing law allows a course in Career Technical Education to fulfill a course requirement to graduate from high school. The provision included an expiration date; this law continues it.

 

School Boards

Local educational agencies: governance training.

AB 640 (Muratsuchi)

Requires governing board members of school districts, county offices of education and charter schools to be trained on K-12 public education school finance governance laws by April 1, 2028, and at least once during their tenure serving as a local educational agency official. Requires the Fiscal Crisis and Management Assistance Team (FCMAT) to write the school finance training curriculum

Public school governance: board member compensation.

AB 1390 (Solache)

Increases the maximum monthly compensation for governing board members of school districts and county boards of education.

 

Safety

Electric bicycles: required equipment.

AB 544 (Davies)

Updates California's bicycle laws, requiring proper brakes, handlebar height, and lights for riding at night. It also strengthens helmet rules for anyone under 18 on bikes, scooters, skateboards, or skates, outlining helmet standards and allowing first-time offenders to get their tickets dismissed by getting a helmet and taking a safety course.

Nevaeh Youth Sports Safety Act.

AB 310 (Alanis)

Delays to January 1, 2028, a requirement that youth sports organizations ensure their athletes have access to an automated external defibrillator (AED) during any official practice or match. It also requires youth sports organizations to ensure that their coaches are certified to perform Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and operate an AED, and have a written cardiac emergency response plan, beginning January 1, 2027.

Pupil health: epinephrine delivery systems: schoolsites and childcare programs.

SB 568 (Niello)

Clarifies that the requirement to provide emergency epinephrine delivery systems, and the associated responsibilities, applies to each public school site, including any program operated by or under contract, and expands the responsibilities to any state or federally subsidized childcare program operated by or under contract.

Drowning prevention: public schools: informational materials.

AB 1005 (Davies)

Boosts water safety and drowning prevention in California schools by regulating informational materials and requiring the California Department of Education to provide relevant resources online. The bill also establishes a partnership to create guidelines for a swim lesson voucher program and directory.

Pupil safety: school employee misconduct: child abuse prevention.

SB 848 (Renée Pérez)

Establishes new requirements to improve pupil safety by addressing school employee misconduct and expands the definition and reporting responsibilities of mandated reporters such as teachers, administrators, staff, etc.

Firearms: converter pistols.

AB 1127 (Gabriel)

PTA priority bill

Prohibits the sale of a specified semiautomatic firearm that can be converted into a machine gun using a pistol converter, and subjects a firearm industry member to civil liability for failing to take steps to prevent installation and use of pistol converters.

Firearms: firearm barrels

SB 704 (Arreguín)

PTA priority bill

Prohibits, commencing January 1, 2027, the sale or transfer of a firearm barrel unless the transaction is completed in person by a licensed firearms dealer.

Pupil and student safety: identification cards.

AB 727 (Mark González, Solache, Cervantes,

Elhawary, Ward, Wiener)

Requires public schools that issue pupil identification cards to print on them the telephone number and 988 text line for The Trevor Project, a leading crisis and suicide prevention hotline for LGBTQ youth.

In July, California announced a partnership with the Trevor Project to provide enhanced competency training. The identification card requirement applies to public colleges and schools that serve grades 7-12.

Crimes: threats

SB-19 (Rubio)

Expands the definition of when making a threat is a crime. This new law addresses threats to commit a violent act at a daycare, school, university, workplace, house of worship, or medical facility.

Threats include statements or other communications, including images posted on social media, intended to create fear of a violent act and which cause fear for one’s safety or the safety of others at these sensitive locations.

Department of Justice:

child abuse reporting.

AB 741 (Ransom)

Requires the Department of Justice to monitor the Court Appointed Special Advocate (CASA) Central index and notify the CASA program if a child abuse investigation record involving a CASA employee or volunteer is added to the index. Allows the DOJ to increase the fee for a criminal history background check, sufficient to cover the cost of processing subsequent child abuse investigation notifications.

 

Early education / Child Care

Child daycare facilities.

AB 752 (Ávila Farías)

Streamlines the development of childcare centers that are co-located with multifamily housing or community amenities. Defines them as residential uses under local zoning, exempting centers from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), and prohibiting local fees or business license requirements.

Childcare: Early Childhood Policy Council.

AB 563 (Jackson)

Establishes both a state-level Early Childhood Policy Council and local strategic planning councils to advise the Governor and Legislature on early childhood education policies.

Child welfare services: domestic violence consultant pilot program

AB 779 (Lackey)

Authorizes Los Angeles County to conduct a 5-year pilot program using domestic violence consultants to help child welfare social workers better assist families facing both domestic violence and child maltreatment.

Migrant childcare and development programs.

SB 778 (Limón)

Expands eligibility for the migrant childcare and development programs to include a family with one individual who has earned at least 40 percent of their total gross income from employment in fishing, agriculture or agriculturally related work.

Pedestrian safety: school zones: speed limits.

AB 382 (Berman)

Lowers the presumed speed limit in school zones to 20 mph when children are present or during specified hours, and allows local authorities to set a 15 mph limit in residential school zones with 30 mph or slower posted speeds.

Public postsecondary education: students with dependent children: childcare services, resources, and programs.

SB 271 (Reyes)

Requires CSU and community college campuses — and asks UC campuses — to make sure students who are parents know about available childcare and related support. Financial aid offices, childcare centers, and basic needs centers must connect these students with local childcare resources and services.

 

Foster Care / Juveniles

Foster care supplement

AB 349 (Dixon)

Requires foster care funding supplements to be adjusted for inflation.

Juveniles: dependency: incarcerated parent.

AB 651 (Bryan)

Requires that incarcerated parents receive notice and the opportunity to be physically present at additional dependency hearings concerning their children. Requires videoconferencing or teleconferencing option if an incarcerated parent waives the right to physical presence.

Foster care: placement: family finding.

AB 562 (Solache)

Requires each county to review data about the average rate at which foster children are placed with relatives. If the county’s placement rate is less than the statewide average, the county will consult with the Center for Excellence in Family Finding, Engagement, and Support to identify best practices that may be adopted by the county to improve its placement rate.

Foster care: placement transition planning.

AB 896 (Elhawary)

Makes moving between foster care homes or back home smoother for children in foster care. Requires counties to have a plan that includes the child's input and gives social workers guidance. The state will offer advice on these plans, and counties need to share their plans with the state.

Wards: probation

AB 1376 (Bonta)

Provides that a ward may not remain on probation for a period that exceeds 12 months from the disposition hearing, except that a court may extend the probation period upon proof by a preponderance of the evidence that it is in the ward's and public's best interest to extend probation.

 

School facilities / property

School facilities

AB 503 (Gonzalez)

Under the Civic Center Act, school districts can charge fees to recover direct costs for the use of nonclassroom school facilities and grounds by eligible organizations such as PTAs.

 

Truancy / Expulsion

Truancy.

AB 461 (Ahrens )

Repeals the criminal offense for parents who fail to reasonably supervise and encourage school attendance. Before this law, parents could be criminally charged if their children were chronically absent.

Pupil discipline: expulsions: procedures.

AB 1230 (Bonta)

Supports improved outcomes for expelled students by requiring that rehabilitation plans address the behavior that led to the expulsion and that the plans include services responsive to the student's needs. Plans must provide information regarding program enrollment and readmission.

 

Taxes

CalWORKs: CalFresh: eligibility: income and resource exclusions.

AB 42 (Bryan)

CalWORKs and CalFresh are programs designed for low-income families. This law clarifies that any grant, award, scholarship, loan, or fellowship benefit that is provided for educational purposes is not considered income for purposes of eligibility.

Public social services: tax-exempt nonprofit organizations.

AB 1318 (Bonta)

Recent efforts have targeted the tax-exempt status of nonprofits that do not align with the current goals of the federal administration. This bill ensures that California can continue to partner with nonprofits that meet state standards regardless of federal political shifts, thus allowing them to continue to receive funding.

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